Theology Questions
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Corn Laws: prohibited importation of wheat and cerealsRegular economic crisis
Faced with the inability to pass the Reform Act and increasing public discontent, Wellington resigned
Constituencies with very few eligible voters that disproportionately favoured the aristocracy.
John Henry Newman, Apologia → Context: the French Revolution, the Reform Agitation, and the internal struggles within the Church of England.→ Newman expresses his belief in the divine right of inheritance for sovereigns→ how to protect the Church from liberalisation amid political changes and the potential erosion of orthodox principles.→ critical of the leadership within the Church of England, especially Bishop Blomfield of London.→ disappointment in the perceived decay of orthodox principles
Third Reform Act, under Gladstone, County franchise and borough franchise were now the same, The Redistribution of Seats Act redrew constituency boundaries to make the number of voters more balanced across different areas.
When borough constituted of land owned by the same person who usually rented it to the voters
PM Lord Liverpool had a stroke = resigned→ No unity in TP without him→ Canning: new PM but was for Christian emancipation + diedKing appointed Duke of Wellington very popular (victor of Waterloo) was against the reform But Wellington went against Ultra Tories by by appointing economic measures for free trade and accepted deal with Whigs and repealed Test and Corporation Act
Tories: Tamworth manifesto written by Robert Peel, PM moderate conservatism
70% Established in the 13th and 14 century: At the beginning they were respectable communities with significant population but as centuries passed some of these "communities" (cities) lost a part of its population → 1829: 26 cities with less than 15 persons had the right to send MPs
Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone, authority of Scripture, priesthood of all believers, and rejection of certain Catholic doctrines like papal authority
Catholic Emancipation Act, which granted civil rights to Catholics.
Corn Laws repealed (Whigs, liberalism)
Redistribution of Seats, Abolition of Pocket and Rotten Boroughs, Expansion of the Franchise (increase of eligible voter in urban area)Arguments against the Great Reform: Fear of Radicalism and Social Unrest, Aristocratic Opposition, Threat to Property Right, Concerns About Urban Influence
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a collection of laws and decisions concerning religious practices introduced by Elizabeth I of England. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was composed of the following principal elements:The Act of Supremacy - established Elizabeth as head of the Church of England.The Act of Uniformity - set out the appearance of churches and services, banned mass services.It established the Church of England as a Protestant institution with a mix of Catholic and Protestant practices, aimed at maintaining stability and avoiding extremism
(Oxford Movement / tractarian movement→ Origines Liturgical (book)→ Anglican Church = only true Church (Apostolical succession is respected)
Whig Lord Russell proposed disenfranchising 100 boroughs (= they would lose their MPs) and transferring these seats to larger counties and towns to re equilibrate the system → 269 votes against → 264 for
29% Each of 93 counties set 2 MPs to Parliament (whatever size of your county on the population)Need to own a property whose is at least 2 pounds
New Bill by Russel→ Moderate bill to abolish 2 rotten boroughs
the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Bill was introduced in an attempt to address issues within the Church of Ireland (CI). The aim was to solve problems related to the Church, particularly issues arising from its association with colonizers and the difficulty for the local population in understanding Mass conducted in English.
End of the Oxford movement→ Last Tract n 90→ Newman was forbidden to write such tracts→ Left Church of England and converted to Roman Catholic Church in 1845→ Newman's ideas had already spread