Sociology Questions
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...system. System created in ..., because of a major increase in food prices: system of wage supplements, paid by taxpayers, to allow families to afford food. Pb: Encouraged employers to pay even...
With..., a new social order emerged.1) The principle of ... was eroded. The landlords no longer felt responsible for housing. In many cases, housing was developed by speculators.2) New forms of ... > employers didn't feel that they had obligations towards their workers.
Gaskell's first novel, ..." (1848), and much of her third, "North and South" (1855), take place in Manchester (renamed "Milton" in the latter), where she spent her adult life. More than any other city, Manchester was made by industrialization, its population more than quadrupling during the first half of the nineteenth-century as would-be workers sought jobs in rapidly multiplying cotton mills and factories. By the time that Gaskell was writing, it was the second biggest city in England.
Before the IR fewer than 10 towns and cities of more than 10,000 1831: ...of more than 10,000.
Increasingly, manual workers were distinguished from other forms of employment (traders, businessmen, merchants). Working class vs. middle class. Upper class referred to those who could.... Middle classes could ...A specific sense of belonging to one ...rather than another.
The ... made it illegal to employ children under the age of 9 in the cotton industry
An emotional portrayal of working conditions. Owen uses ..., to arouse pity in his audience.
Owen's vision of a society in which the greatest number may be happy, and in which the well-being of the working class guarantees the well-being of the whole of society, reveals the influence of... and of Jeremy ... (who happened to be one of the investors of the New Lanarck factories)
Pre-industrial society was based on a ..., determined by birth and social status. In this hierarchy, the different ranks were bonded together by ... It was assumed that there were ...between different ranks: landlord and tenants, ...
How the lanscapes changed: transportation but also development of ... and industrial production on a large scale. ...- the "Black country" - a region in the ..., developed industrially from the 1780s, ..., ironworks, brickworks, steelworks, between Birmingham and Wolverhampton.
The economy will regulate itself for the better (economic laisser faire partly inspired by the theories of ...
Most of the Factory Acts that were passed to regulate the number of working hours and wages were passed after... And Owen's overall social and economic vision only became widely accepted in the 20th century.
From 1851 to 1901 the population of London ..., and the population of other big cities doubled.
Two new types of urban environments: the...Slums (term from 1820) :... (see engravings of Gustave Doré).
There were ... in the most industrial parts of the country or major ports: Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow, ...of London. The life expectancy diminished.
The symbolic threshold of urbanisation was crossed in the 1850, with ... of England's population was urban. The balance between the rural and urban population in Britain:... : 78 percent rural and 22 urban1851- 50/501901 - ...
One of the founders of the modern factory system: ... and his first ... (Cromford mill) employing 200 people in 1771 on the river Derwent.
One of the results of the IR was ... A majority of people began to live in...
The first effects of the .... and Public Health legislation could be perceptible in the ... with the standards of living gradually improving.
Was there a rise in standards of living?An increase in the overall .... In the 19th century, Britain became the richest economy in the world. It was especially the case after ..., because of the end of the Napoleonic wars. However, there were great.... The country became much wealthier but until the ... of the century, standards of living actually... for a large fraction of the population: significant ....