Psychology Questions
Explore questions in the Psychology category that you can ask Spark.E!
9. Subjects assessing studies that provided evidence about capital punishment...a. were asked to guess how much money an actual judge awarded to the plaintiff and predicted a higher award when pretending to be the plaintiff.b. successfully decoupled after being instructed to be fair and impartial in their assessment of evidence.c. overcame biased evaluation by taking great care to examine the evidence offered by the study that challenged their view.d. successfully decoupled after asking what they would have thought of a study if its result had gone the other way.
4. Asking what we'd expect to observe if our first or favored view were true...a. helps balance our natural tendency to focus on how things would look if alternative views were true.b. should not be the focus of our search because it's already our natural tendency.c. is important because those are the facts we're likely to learn the most from.d. helps us notice that different views can do an equally good job of explaining certain facts.
8. The text discusses studies in which people could flip a coin to make a decision in order to illustrate...a. the lengths we go to believe that we're being fair even when we're not.b. that we too often allow ourselves to be influenced by random factors like coin tosses.c. that we tend to choose positive outcomes (e.g., cash bonuses) for ourselves.d. that we should never use random factors like coin tosses to make fair decisions.
10. Pretending to take the opposing side of an issue...a. is a bad idea because it triggers a confirmation bias in the direction of the side we're pretending to take.b. does not work as well as thinking carefully about weaknesses in our own case.c. will allow us to perceive bias in ourselves through introspection.d. helps counter the confirmation bias we already have in favor of our side.
2. According to the text, the initial "map and territory" analogy has to be adapted for degrees of confidence because...a. maps don't make decisions, but our degree of confidence makes a big difference to our decisions.b. unlike a map, we are capable of revising our beliefs when we encounter more evidence.c. marks on a map don't represent things as being probably or possibly a certain way.d. we have beliefs about things that are not represented in maps, like bikes and non-existent mountains.
Jonathan Baron divided the process of good reasoning into 3 elements...
6. Match each item with the effect that it causes (not its definition). a. introspection illusionb. possibility freezec. pretending to take the other sidereduction in biased evaluationd. being reminded to avoid bias in our evaluatione. keeping in mind that our beliefs don't need to be on/off
5. Our standard for how much effort we put into a search...a. should be that additional search for information is always better.b. should be based on the importance of the issue under investigation.c. should be that we search for evidence until we have enough to support our favored belief.d. should be that we search for evidence until every view has equal support.
7. Which best describes how confirmation bias operates at the evaluation stage of reasoning?a. When we are motivated to believe something, we construe potential evidence as favoring it.b. Our first or favored beliefs influence our assessment of the strength of potential evidence.c. We assume that people on the other side of a controversial issue are evaluating information in a biased way, but we are not.d. We decouple our prior degree of confidence in a claim from the strength of a new piece of evidence.
3. Failing to think of sufficiently many possibilities...a. leads to having over-confidence in the possibilities we do think of.b. leads us to not imagine our first or favored possibility with sufficient vividness.c. makes us almost twice as likely to choose information that supports our pre-existing attitudes and beliefs.d. leads us to revise our estimate of the first view that occurred to us.
1. In the sense used in this text, curiosity is primarily about...a. having degrees of confidence rather than binary beliefs that are entirely "on" or "off."b. having the right goal--namely, that our beliefs reflect how the world really is.c. not letting ourselves be affected by strong feelings in the midst of a disagreement.d. having a high degree of interest in rare and unusual things or occurrences.
Pour Skinner, quel type de causalité permet de relier les phénomènes observés ?
Quels objets la psychologie béhavioriste se propose-t-elle d'étudier ?
Selon Skinner, de quoi dépend la reconnaissance correcte d'un ami en se basant uniquement sur la vision?
Les méthodologies des sciences naturelles utilisées pour étudier le comportement animal peuvent-elles s'appliquer pour étudier le comportement humain ?
Suite à l'expérience de conditionnement d'un pigeon à tourner dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, quelle est la différence entre une description relevant d'explications mentalistes d'une description behavioriste ?
Les béhavioristes rejettent-ils l'idée selon laquelle il existe une continuité des espèces vivantes ?
êtes vous d'accord avec l'affirmation suivante: "selon Skinner, les contingences de renforcement ne s'appliquent pas à l'univers privé"?
'Importance of social-psychological needs of individuals' (groupthink theory)
In the organizational model, what is assumed concerning individuals' socialization ?