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For example, a medical student may be brilliant but typically possesses no direct experience when treating a patient. So, after two years of intensive study, they are assigned to shadow a physician on their daily rounds. Assuming the physician and the student's professors deem them to be competent and able, they are advanced to the level of physician. Here they will spend the next two to five years in residency working appalling hours while plying their trade beneath critical eyes. From this point on the road narrows as some will advance to attending physician or department head where they will have responsibilities in the training of residents and medical students.

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