Political Science Questions

citizenship to blacks but native Americans were still excluded (because no tax)

Kansas Nebraska Act allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether to permit or prohibit slavery. + repealed Missouri Compromise

impeachment procedure against Bill Clinton

Little Rock Arkansas wanted to go to HS but national guard prevented them from entering, President Eisenhower sent federal troops

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or "Obamacare")expanding access to health insurance, improving the quality of healthcare, and controlling healthcare costs. Key provisions include the establishment of health insurance marketplaces, expansion of Medicaid, protection for people with pre-existing conditions, and the individual mandate (requiring most Americans to have health insurance or pay a penalty, although this penalty has been reduced to zero dollars)

Gideon v. Wainwright right to counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford to hire their own attorney.

death penalty: may not use cruel or unseal punishment (torture...)

Federalist Party (Federalist Papers, Hamilton etc..): in favor of a strong central government (concentration of powers in the federal gov, strong executive) → party of rich businessmen, landowners, merchants

Citizens United v. Federal elections Commission Commission campaign finance and political spending. In a 5-4 decision, the Court held that political spending by corporations, unions, and other groups is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment, and therefore, the government cannot restrict how much money these entities spend to support or oppose political candidates. The ruling led to the creation of Super PACs (Political Action Committees) and increased the influence of money in politics, as it removed certain limitations on corporate and union spending in elections.

Reconstruction integration of formerly enslaved people into society, the rebuilding of the Southern states, and the restoration of the Union.

The Stamp Act Riots in Boston people marched to express their discontentment, "liberty, property, no stamps"Motto "No taxation without representation"(Give me liberty or give me death!) quote/book from Patrick Henry→ Stamp Act Congress : asked to abandon its right to tax the colonies→ Boycott organized

restricted the House of Lords authority for the 1st time

first time the Supreme Court declared a law of Congress as unconstitutional establishment of judicial review. It affirmed the Supreme Court's authority to interpret the Constitution

Indians had kept good relations with the French, these tribes didn't want to be transferred to the British

Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott, sued for his freedom, arguing that his residence in a free state and a free territory had made him free. However, the Supreme Court, ruled against him: enslaved individuals, whether in free states or territories, were not considered citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court. Missouri Compromise, which prohibited slavery in certain territories, was unconstitutional.

states rights = limit power of federal government, each individual states should retain as much power as possible

guarantee right of militia to defend against invaders and over time as been interpreted as the right to every american to protect themselves (right to carry a weapon)

The first Continental Congress Should we envision a future of war?→ organized militia to defend America against British→ Continued boycott of British products

international war with European rivals fought in Europe and colonies

freedom of speech, religion, guarantee right to peacefully assemble