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Gide, les Caves du VaticanIl fait commettre à l'un de ses personnages (Lafcadio) un acte gratuit (= qui ne sert à rien) : un meurtre sans motif, dicté par le simple hasard, pour se prouver qu'il n'est soumis à rien (assassinat d'un vieillard dans le train) Mais on pourrait dire que son acte est déterminé par le désir de commettre un acte gratuit...de se prouver qu'il est libre... ou encore par une pulsion meurtrière inconsciente ==> la psychanalyse a montré que les actes les +bizarres, ceux dont nous ignorons nous-mêmes les motifs, sont les - libres de tous, puisque nous sommes esclaves de mobiles inconscients

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