51) A benefit of using TCO analysis to evaluate an information technology investment is that it is able to incorporate intangible and "soft" factors such as benefits and complexity costs.50) Intangible benefits generally do not lead to quantifiable gains in the long run.52) More timely information is an intangible benefit of information systems.53) The difference between cash outflows and cash inflows is used for calculating the financial worth of an investment.60) Which of the following statements about project risk is not true?A) The more dollars spent on project, the greater the risk.B) The higher the number of implementation staff on a project, the lower the risk.C) The higher the number of organizational units affected by a project, the greater the risk.D) Very large-scale systems project have a failure rate that is 50 to 75 percent higher than that for other projects.E) The organizational complexity of a system contributes to the complexity of large-scale systems projects.45) Enhanced employee goodwill falls under what category of costs and benefits of information systems?A) CostsB) Tangible benefitsC) Cost savingsD) Intangible costsE) Intangible benefits30) If an intended benefit of an IT project is improved decision making, managers should develop a set of metrics to quantify the value of an improved decision.32) The criteria used in a scoring model are usually the result of lengthy discussions among the decision-making group.40) The worth of systems from a financial perspective essentially revolves around the issue of:A) total cost of ownership.B) adherence to information requirements.C) asset utilization.D) return on invested capital.E) the cost of computing equipment.48) In one strategic approach to determining information requirements, managers select a small number of ________ that reflect firm success and profitability.A) efficiency measuresB) output measuresC) strategic indicatorsD) key performance indicatorsE) financial indicators49) Transaction and clerical systems that displace labor and save space typically produce more measurable, tangible benefits than management information systems.39) You are using a capital budgeting method to assess the worth of your company's new information system. Which of the following costs would you include in measuring the cash outflow?A) Increased sales of productsB) Hardware and software expendituresC) Labor expendituresD) Reduced costs in production and operationE) Hardware, software, and labor expenditures23) Which method is used to assign weights to various features of a system?A) Information systems planB) Scoring modelC) Portfolio analysisD) TCOE) Real options model18) Which of the following best describes the central method used in a portfolio analysis?A) Performing an inventory of all of the organization's information systems projects and assetsB) Performing a weighted comparison of the criteria used to evaluate a systemC) Surveying a large sample of managers on their objectives, decision-making process, and uses and needs for data and informationD) Interviewing a small number of top managers to identify their goals and criteria for achieving successE) Scoring proposed systems on a number of dimensions, and selecting the one with the highest score17) A road map indicating the direction of systems development, the rationale, the current systems, new developments to consider, the management strategy, the implementation plan, and the budget is called a(n):A) project plan.B) portfolio analysis.C) information systems plan.D) enterprise analysis.E) strategic planning document.19) A firm in the finance industry should do which of the following to ensure that it stays current with technology?A) Select only low-cost, low risk projectsB) Limit work to those projects with great rewardsC) Select only low-risk, high-reward projectsD) Have a few high-risk, high benefit projectsE) Avoid projects that were very costly14) The ________ reviews and approves plans for systems in all divisions.A) project management groupB) project teamC) information systems steering committeeD) corporate strategic planning committeeE) board of directors15) The ________ consists of systems analysts, specialists from the relevant end-user business areas, application programmers, and perhaps database specialists.A) project management groupB) project teamC) IS steering committeeD) corporate strategic planning committeeE) system planning committee25) Which of the following would not be covered in the Strategic Business Plan Rationale section of an information systems plan?A) Current situationB) Current business organizationC) Firm's strategic planD) Changing environmentsE) Current infrastructure capabilities2) As discussed in the chapter, which of the following is not one of the immediate consequences of inadequate software project management?A) Cost overrunsB) Customer loyaltyC) Time slippageD) Technical shortfallsE) Failure to obtain anticipated benefits
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