History Questions

What was the name of the Nazis' secret police force?

which country was the only country left fighting hitler by 1940

Was President Woodrow Wilson for or against the Treaty of Versailles?

What 3 areas did Germany promise to Mexico in the Zimmerman Telegram?

woodrow wilson-served as us president during ww1-was an idealist who was often unwilling to compromise -was a university president before he entered politics wilsons position -as an idealist wilson supported 3 main ideas1. he favored leniency for germany2. he believed in the principle of self-determination so that nations could rule themselves3. he believed that nations could cooperate to prevent future wars wilsons 14 points-before ww1 ended wilson explained his goals in a speech called "The Fourteen Points"-he continued to argue that germany should be treated leniently -germany grew willing to sign an armistice after hearing the speech the 14 points-wilson discussed several major ideas in his speech including these points1. there should be no secret treaties2. freedom of the seas and free trade between countries should be preserved 3. colonists should have a say in their governments 4. the worlds countries should participate in disarmament the league of nations-wilson also wanted to create a league of nations to-foster international cooperation-promote open diplomacy -prevent future conflict european perspectives -france and britian had very different perspectives toward the terms of peace-they had experienced a much more significant loss of life-they had experienced more severe economic consequences georges clemenceau-served as prime minister of france during the final months of the war-promised victory and justice for france-was skeptical of wilsons 14 points french demands-clemenceau had a different set of priorities than wilson -reparations to punish germany and repay the french people-the return of alsace-lorraine which had been taken by germany in 1870-increased territory along the border to protect france in case of a future attack david lloyd george -served as prime minister of the united kingdom during the final year of the war-won an election by calling for the punishment -understood that compromise was necessary to reach a settlement british perspectives on germany-like wilson, lloyd george favored leniency for germany-he thought that:-treating germany harshly would lead the country to seek revenge in the future-britains trading relationship with germany needed to be preserved-germany's armed forces and navy needed to be dismantledbritish perspective on the 14 points-like clemenceau david lloyd george was skeptical of wilsons 14 points-in support of wilsons ideas-he favored the creation of a league of nations in oppositon to wilsons ideas-he wanted to protect british naval interests so he opposed freedom of the sea-he wanted to protect britain's empire so he opposed self determination the paris peace conference-world leaders met in paris in january 1919 to:-begin planning the peace process-reach a compromise that would meet their different goals and values compromise-wilson demanded -a league of nations-self-determination -clemenceau demanded -revenge for the suffering of the french people -david lloyd george forged a compromise the compromise and the treaty of versailles -in june 1919 the treaty of versallies was signed-clemenceau agreed to a league of nations -wilson agreed to a "war of guilt" clause that condemned germany 1914-1918- world war I1917-the US entered the war1919- the paris peace conference was held 1919- the treaty of versaillies was signed

in 1919 the treaty of versallies established the league of nationsthe purpose of the league of nations-the league of nations focused its efforts on promoting peace protection and collective security-members of the league promised to protect-all members collective security-other members independence the powers of the league-under its covenant the league could enact 3 types of sancations1. verbal warnings2. economic sanctions 3. military force what was the league of nations created to do-to promote international cooperation-to help uphold peace between countries-to provide collective security for its members members of the league of nations-the league gained some support from the world's nations-germany and the Soviet Union were prohibited from joining the league in the beginning support for the league in the US-president Wilson and his supporters promoted joint the league because they believed that-it would preserve peace-the league needed the US to participate opposition to the league in the US-opponents believed that the US-would be drawn into international conflicts-would have fewer resources to solve its own problems the US and the league of nations-the US congress voted against the treaty of versailles-wilson became ill and couldn't promote the treaty-a new president warren g harding promised to pursue isolationism -the US never ratified the treaty or joined the league which argument did opponents of the league of nations make-the league of nations might have forced the us to become a peacemaker the mandate system -the league created mandates to manage territory after ww1-gave much of the former Ottoman Empire to the French and british -worked to establish independent states border disputes-the league successfully stalled border disputes between member nations -sweden agreed to give the aaland islands to Finland in 1921-greece agreed to pull out of Bulgaria in 1925disarmament -the league worked toward arms reductions-a disarmament section of the league was created in 1920-members cooperated to destroy weapons and limit manufacturing social issues-the league worked to combat many global social issues by trying to:-eliminate diseases such as leprosy-create clean sources of water-improve the status of women -eliminate child enslaved labor-the league was the first organization of its kind to focus on global social issues POWs and reguugees-the league of nations worked to improve conditions for prisoners of war and refugees-the league assisted with the reparation of POWs-the league established a refugee orginazation in 1921weakness of the league-the weakness of the league undetermined its ability to keep peace-it had no real power-it had no permanent army-it was missing some of the worlds most powerful nations failures of the league-because of these weaknesses the leagues efforts were not effective-many members didn't recognize the leagues authority -the leagues sanctions weren't powerful enough to stop aggression the Kellogg brand pact-the Kellogg brand pact was a disarmament treaty that was signed in 1928the pact:-was negotiated outside of the league's authority -made the league seem useless the abyssinian crisis-in the 1930s the league failed to stop aggressive countries from gaining power-italian dictator Mussolini invaded Ethiopia -economic sanctions were ineffective -the league failed intervene military-agression increased in the 1930s the united nations-by 1938 the league of nations was no longer operating and it was dissolved in 1946-it was replaced by a new organization called the united nations-a security council was created to assist the UN in responding to global crises -it developed into an organization that aims to promote global peace security and social equality cause- weakness of the league of nations failed to prevent future conflictseffect- a more powerful United Nations was established to promote peace and improve conditions 1914-1918- world war 11919-treaty of versailles signed1920-league of nations was established 1928- kellog Briand pact signed 1945- United Nations established

victory in war-following a war victors must decide how to treat the countries they have defeated -punishment- force loser to pay for war costs-preventing the loser from returning to power -rehabilitation- rebuilding both sides-establishing new opportunities for both sidesWilsons views about peace-woodrow Wilson called for reconciliation and rehabilitation -in his 14 points he:-called for fair treatment of germany-included provisions for fair trade and self-determination the treaty of versallies-the treaty of versailles was signed on June 28, 1919-it established peace between germany and the allies-germany was not allowed to participate in discussions -most of Wilsons objectives were ignored provisions of the treaty of versailles- disarming germany-establishing a war guilt cause-creating the league of nations-creating territorial changes territorial changes: German losses-germany lost territory to the allies-france claimed alsace-lorraine-britian and france claimed germanys foreign colonies-germany was forbidden from stationing troops in the Rhineland territorial changes: new countries-the treaty resulted in the creation of new states in europe disarming Germany -the treaty enforced disarmament by limiting germanys military-limiting the number of German soldiers and ships-prohibiting germany from having submarines or an air force-preventing Germany from gaining weapons and war materials establishing the war guilt clause-the treaty placed the blame for the war on germany-germany was forced to:-accept complete responsibility for starting the war-pay reparations creating the league of nations-the treaty of versailles also established the league of nations-the league was charged with ensuring that the treaty's provisions were carried out-germany was prohibited from becoming a member germanys agreement -the allies informed germany that it could sign the treaty of versailles or face invasion -kaiser Wilhelm II had fled the country-new leaders felt forced to sign the treaty-the treaty was signed June 28, 1919the allies reactions-the allies disagreed about the provisions of the treaty-britain believed that the treaty was too harsh -france thought that the treaty was not harsh enough-the US congress didn't like the terms of the league of nations-Japan and Italy thought that their contributions to the war went unrewarded effects of the treaty on germany-the Weimar Republic was germanys new government -it faced 2 major challenges -resentment and anger-economic chaos resentment in germany-the German people were horrified by the treatys terms-felt betrayed by the leaders who had agreed to the armistice -would have preferred going back to war-blamed allied leaders for unfair treatment -George Clemenceau was the leader of france during ww1-many germans believed that france was trying to destroy germany during treaty negotiations reparations and economic chaos-germany was forced to pay billions of dollars in reparations to the allies-struggled to find gold and resources to make payments -began to print money to pay debts the depression -germany was greatly affected by the global economic depression of the early 1930s-failed industries-fewer imports and exports -more unemployment and hunger-germany would continue to face problems for the next decade germany's "humiliation"-resentment and economic chaos would continue in germany into the 1920s1914-1918- ww11918- signing the armistice1919- signing the treaty of versallies1923- hitlers speech against the treaty of versallies

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