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People like _______________ recommended replacing the three-field system with crop rotation during the Industrial Revolution.Defenders of corporate actions, such as the ones described in the passage above, would find support inA. Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism.B. Henry George's proposal for a "single tax" on land.C. the Omaha Platform of the Populist Platform.D. Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle.Which of the following describes a significant response to the development reflected in the chart?A. The federal government implemented the National Origins Act, establishing a quota system to stem the flow of Irish immigrants into the United States.B. Congress rewrote naturalization laws in order to expand the number of years immigrants must live in the United States before they can attain citizenship and voting rights.C. The United States and Ireland reached an understanding that President Franklin Pierce would pressure New York State to end discriminatory practices against Irish immigrants, and that Ireland would pass legislation limiting immigration into the United States.D. A new political party, commonly called the Know-Nothing Party, attracted large numbers of voters in the 1850s with a strong anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic message.The 1873 political cartoon shown makes the point thatA. railroads have brought prosperity to previously isolated communities.B. the safety of railroad workers was being ignored by the powerful railroad corporations.C. the public needed to recognize the threat that large railroad companies posed to the economic and political system.D. railroad lines were undermining rural culture by bringing the vices of urban life to small-town America.The Grange, represented by the standing figure in the cartoon, received its strongest support from which of the following groups?A. Western farmers.B. Urban immigrants.C. Wealthy industrialists.D. Middle-class managers.The business model described by George Rice could best be described asA. global distribution.B. horizontal integration.C. regional planning.D. vertical consolidation.A major goal of Commodore Matthew Perry's expedition was toA. challenge the "spheres of influence" system in Japan that had been developed by the major European powers.B. reduce tensions that had developed between Japan and the United States over competing colonial claims.C. expand American trade into a country that had traditionally isolated itself from most foreign powers.D. overthrow the militaristic regime of Japan and replace it with a democratic government.Attempts to rein in the power of corporations, such as the Standard Oil Company, in the 1890s and 1900sA. were frequently approved by Congress but were stymied by presidential vetoes.B. were largely successful, as a coalition of reformers, political leaders, and labor leaders collaborated on realigning the American economy.C. were discussed by radical groups but were rejected by the vast majority of Americans as communistic and "anti-American."D. were often hindered by Supreme Court decisions that upheld the rights of business to operate without excessive government regulation.Which of the following conclusions is supported by the evidence in the chart?A. Irish immigrants were quickly able to climb the economic ladder of New York City and gain employment in middle-class professions.B. Irish immigration to New York City in the period before the Civil War did not significantly alter the economic structure of the city.C. Irish workers played a prominent role in the union movement in New York City in the 1850s.D. Irish immigrants comprised a majority of the workers in low-paying, unskilled occupations in New York City by the 1850s.The United States naval expeditions to Japan in the 1850s, led by Commodore Matthew Perry, resulted inA. a long period of Japanese isolation from Western trade and influence.B. war between the United States and Japan.C. Japan becoming an American colony.D. Japan opening its ports to trade with the West.Which of the following developments was similar to the Dawes Severalty Act in that they both had the same goal for the future of American Indians?A. The formation of the Ghost Dance movement.B. The establishment of Indian Boarding Schools.C. The passage of the Indian Reorganization Act.D. The founding of the American Indian Movement.With a Royal Patent ________________ became the company responsible for supplying chocolate to the royal family of England.The findings of the ________________ helped to put an end to child labor in England.The expedition by Commodore Matthew Perry could best be understood in the context ofA. an expanding American economy.B. shifting alliances among major world powers.C. increased nativist sentiment in the United States.D. debates over the expansion of slavery.The political shifts, evident in the reading, were especially beneficial toA. the Jacksonian Democrats.B. temperance reformers.C. women's suffragists.D. New England Federalists.The position of Abraham Lincoln in the above passage emerged most directly in response to which of the following mid-nineteenth century trends?A. Large-scale immigration from Ireland.B. The spread of the ideas of Romanticism.C. Violent slave rebellions in the South.D. Territorial growth of the United States.Which of the following factors was an important cause of the immigration trend reflected in the chart?A. Great Britain had recently begun using harsh tactics against Irish dissidents, leading to large numbers of dissidents fleeing Ireland.B. The Irish agriculture sector had recently undergone rapid mechanization, displacing a large percentage of the rural population of Ireland.C. A large-scale famine in Ireland, caused by the failure of the potato crop, had recently occurred, driving many Irish people to flee the country.D. New York State had recently passed a religious toleration act, creating a more welcoming atmosphere for Irish Catholic immigrants.Which of the following developments from the 1820s and 1830s is illustrated by the reading, above?A. Demographic shifts were giving middle-class, literate voters increased power in determining the direction of national politics.B. As larger numbers of citizens participated in the electoral process, the nature of political campaigning changed.C. Reform-minded political leaders played an increasingly important role in national political campaigns.D. Military heroes played a larger role in politics, while lawyers and statesmen played a diminished role in electoral politics.The Cherokee Indians received the strongest support in the 1830s fromA. President Andrew Jackson.B. the United States Supreme Court.C. the United States Congress.D. the legislature of the state of Georgia.The reading from the Lowell Offering reflects which of the following historical developments?A. The popularity of the "Arts and Crafts" movement, which sought to revive traditional artisan techniques.B. The cultural shift that allowed for women to replace men in offices, as typists, accountants, and receptionists.C. The increasing number of Americans who made their living producing goods for national and foreign markets rather than relying on semi-subsistence agriculture.D. The movement to encourage society to see women's work in the home as actual labor that contributed to the social good.
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