History of the Americas Questions

Edicts issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping. The French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.

Conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.

Democratic-Republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain.

One of Thomas Jefferson's slaves at Monticello, whose affair with Jefferson has been confirmed by modern DNA evidence

Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, this act stipulated that if either repealed its trade restrictions, the US would trade with that country exclusively. Made Madison and the US look weak and foolish.

Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, "the Prophet," at the hands of William Henry Harrison in the Indiana wilderness. After the battle, the Prophet's brother, Tecumseh, forged an alliance with the British against the United States.

Secretary of the treasury from 1801 to 1813 under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

American revolutionary and champion of states. Rights, Henry became a prominent anti-federalist during the ratification debate, opposing what he saw, as despotic tendencies in the new national constitution.

Four year conflict between the American navy and a North African nation over piracy in the Mediterranean during Jefferson's presidency. Although the US was victorious, it went against Jefferson's noninterventionistprinciples.

Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.

Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the United States, opening vast tracts for settlement.

Supreme Court case that established the principle of "judiciary review" the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.

Federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his Presidency.

Shawnee religious leader, also known as the prophet.

To separate an official state church from its connection with the government

Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safeguard the people's liberties.

Diplomatic conflict between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the U.S. called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean.

Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America's formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France, a statement that enraged pro-French Jeffersonians.

French foreign minister who attempts to solicit bribes from American envoys in the infamous XYZ affair prompted widespread calls for war with France.

Miami Indian chief whose warriors routed American forces in 1790 and 1791 along the Ohio frontier.