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"There are those who are dissatisfied with me. To such I would say: You desire peace; and you blame me that we do not have it. But how can we attain it? . . ."But to be plain, you are dissatisfied with me about the Negro. . . . You dislike the emancipation proclamation; and, perhaps, would have it retracted. You say it is unconstitutional—I think differently. I think the Constitution invests its commander-in-chief, with the law of war, in time of war. The most that can be said, if so much, is, that slaves are property. Is there—has there ever been—any question that by the law of war, property, both of enemies and friends, may be taken when needed? And is it not needed whenever taking it, helps us, or hurts the enemy? . . ."You say you will not fight to free Negroes. Some of them seem willing to fight for you. . . . I issued the proclamation on purpose to aid you in saving the Union. . . . Why should they do anything for us, if we will do nothing for them? If they stake their lives for us, they must be prompted by the strongest motive—even the promise of freedom. And the promise being made, must be kept."President Abraham Lincoln, letter to James Conkling explaining why he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, 1863The phrase in the excerpt "Some of them seem willing to fight for you" could most likely be interpreted as having which of the following purposes?AAuthorizing the policy of total war by Union generals in fighting in the SouthBAddressing the difficulties of feeding runaway enslaved people at military encampmentsCAcknowledging the shuffling of commanding officers in the Union armyDHighlighting the enlistment of formerly enslaved people into the Union army

"Mr. President, it was solemnly asserted on this floor, some time ago, that all parties in the non-slaveholding States had come to a fixed and solemn determination upon two propositions. One was that there should be no further admission of any States into this Union which permitted, by their constitutions, the existence of slavery; and the other was that slavery shall not hereafter exist in any of the territories of the United States, the effect of which would be to give to the non-slaveholding States the monopoly of the public domain. . . . The subject has been agitated in the other House [of Congress], and they have sent up a bill 'prohibiting the extension of slavery . . . to any territory which may be acquired by the United States hereafter.' At the same time, two resolutions which have been moved to extend the compromise line from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, during the present session, have been rejected by a decided majority."Sir, there is no mistaking the signs of the times; and it is high time that the Southern States—the slaveholding States—should inquire what is now their relative strength in this Union, and what it will be if this determination is carried into effect hereafter."John C. Calhoun, senator, speech in the United States Senate, 1847The excerpt best provides evidence about which of the following historical situations in the late 1840s?AIncreased conflict between urban immigrants and nativistsBCompromises between the Supreme Court and national leadersCThe expanding influence of the Northern abolitionist movementDGrowing sectional tensions caused by the Mexican-American War

"Forces committed to restoring White supremacy launched a ruthless, bloody campaign of terror and intimidation against freedpeople and their White allies in the South. As young southern units of the Republican Party broke under those blows and the Republicans of the North retreated and grew more conservative, Reconstruction collapsed. With it went many . . . gains. A resurgent southern elite once again set about imposing White supremacy and tyrannical labor discipline while stripping freedpeople of many of their civic and political rights."- Bruce Levine, historian, The Fall of the House of Dixie, 2013"For many poor Whites throughout the South, Jim Crow laws alone could not ease their most persistent fear. In regions like northern Louisiana, with little but pine trees rising from its barren soil, White men found themselves competing with [formerly enslaved people], and during the dozen years of Reconstruction they had not known which race would prevail."Such men had dropped away from the Ku Klux Klan after President Grant's crackdown, but their simmering resentments had grown. With control of the South passing again to the Democrats, powerless Whites were joining plantation owners to ensure that Black workers remained without their basic rights."- A. J. Langguth, historian, After Lincoln, 2014Which of the following claims is supported by the arguments made by both Levine and Langguth?ALocal political tactics served to deny African Americans their rights.BWhite southerners accepted racial and political equality.CRepublicans permanently changed the balance of political power in the South.DAfrican Americans gained property rights while becoming self-sufficient.

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