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13th Amendment to Constitution - abolished slavery - ratified December 1865 (months after Lincoln's death) - freed all slaves in US - 4 million slaves became freemenB. 14* Amendment to Constitution. a.Background: Congress had passed Civil Rights Act in 1866 that nullified Dred Scott decision and made all African Americans US citizens, but they were worried that Act could be overturned by future Congress so wanted more permanent Amendment.b. 14th Amendment ratified in 1868:i. Declared all persons born or naturalized in US are citizens ii. Requires all states to respect rights of US citizens; states cannot deny any person equal protection of laws and cannot deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of lawili. Disqualified former Confederate leaders from holding state or federalofficesiv.Said states don't have to give African Americans right to vote, but if they don't have right to vote

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