History of Russia Questions

(1729-1796) Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire, its wealth & education/benefits for people; inspired by French Enlightenment; wife of Peter III; Emelian Pugachev ruled with her after Peter's "death"

Often kept out of conflict in favor of keeping trade intact with any and all countries available (Austria, France, Britain)

* Russian forces usied "scorched earth" tactics* Waited out the French through winter, causing 500,000 deaths in Napoleon's army through ambush & frostbite

Peter III's influence led to ending of conflict over territory

* Nicholas invades Danubian principalities of Moldova and Walachia* Defeated in this war by Turks+British+French+Austrians (THEIR ALLY) to keep European balance

Followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as Czar in 1613.

Dynasty that favored the nobles, reduced military obligations, expanded the Russian empire further east, and fought several unsuccessful wars, yet they lasted from 1613 to 1917.

unpaid labor dues (corvée) owed by a peasant to his lord, most commonly labor on the land

* Kremlin becomes high sanctuary* re-establishes Russian Justice

* 1462-1505* first to end paying the Mongols* continued to add territory to the North* claims rightful succession of Kiev, Byzantium, and Rome* Marriage to niece of Byzantine Emperor

Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws.

Labor obligations of Russian peasants owed either to their landlords or to the state.

New capital of Russia and served as a warm water port on the Baltic Sea; often called "Window on the West"

War lasted from 1700 to 1721. It was fought between Sweden's Charles XII and a coalition lead by Peter the Great. By the end of the war, Sweden had lost her supremacy as the leading power in the Baltic region and was replaced by Peter the Great's Russia.

Who ruled Kiev at the height of its power?

monks, created Cyrillic alphabet: ______ and ______

* 1328-1341* The Moneybag - used position to gain power and prestige with Mongols* Brings main Metropolitan to Moscow and builds massive fortress - The Kremlin* Keeps power in family w/ Simeon the Proud, Ivan the Meek, and Dmitri the Liberator

During the ____an era, the peoples of Rus' experienced a period of great economic expansion, opening trade routes with the Vikings to the north and west and the Byzantine Greeks to the south and west; traders also began to travel south and east eventually making contact with Persia and the peoples of Central Asia.

A personal group of civil servants who arrested boyers and gave their lands to Ivan the Terrible's (and Ivan III's) supporters

The idea of Moscow being the _____ ____ was popular since the early Russian Tsars. Within decades after the Fall of Constantinople to Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire on May 29, 1453, some were nominating Moscow as the "_____ ____," or new "New ____"