History of Europe Questions
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In John Locke's Second Treatise of Government, " ...the end of the law is not to abolish or restrain, but ot preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings, capable of laws, where there is no law, there is not freedom."
In France, philosophes discussed Enlightenment ideas in
A French political philosopher whose major work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory.
Baron De Montesquieu was an Enlightenment philosopher from what country
The Enlightenment thinkers questioned traditional ideas about
A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
The statement that best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is
Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
The English Civil War caused many people to question the role of government, which sparked the imagination of Enlightenment thinkers.
He believed that people had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. He favored the idea of self government.
English thinkers rejected the concept of
5a. List three factors that led to increased food production in the 18th century.
5c. What products native to the Americas were fully incorporated into the European food supply by the 1700's.
- Rumors and panic spread throughout France- _______ _______: attacks by peasants taking place across France- Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to feudal system- In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over rising price of bread - They demand action, forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris
-Louis's poor decisions and lack of patience add to France's problems - He calls ________ _________: meeting of representatives from all three estates
- Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution- ____________ ___________: Jacobin leader rules France for a year - Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator- _______ __ ________: Robespierre's rule, which includes killing many opponents -Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette -85 percent of those who die during the Terror are middle or lower class
- ________: radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes- After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded - _________: machine designed during the Revolution to behead people
- In September 1791, Assembly finishes new constitution- __________ __________: new body created to pass laws- In July 1794, _____________ arrested, executed- Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals- Moderate leaders write new constitution- Two-house legislature and five-man Directory restore order- New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies
- 97 percent of people are peasants, urban workers, middle class- Have few privileges, pay heavy taxes, want _______
- In September 1791, Assembly finishes new constitution- ___________ ___________: new body created to pass laws- Factions Split France- Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain- Assembly split into Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives- _________: nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power- _______ ________: lower class who want more change from the Revolution