Genetics Questions

bits and pieces of the homologous chromosomes are exchanged and produces new combinations of alleles on each chromosome

1. Prophase 12. Metaphase 13. Anaphase 14. Telophase 15. Cytokinesis6. Prophase II7. Metaphase II8. Anaphase II9. Telophase II10. Cytokinesis

Alleles of different genes tend to be inherited together from onegeneration to the next when those genes are located on the samechromosome.

A cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes

Because both the white and red phenotypes are expressed, the roan coat is an example of codominance. In codominance, the alleles are equally dominant meaning both phenotypes are equally expressed. With incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant, therefore the phenotype is typically a mix of the two. If the coat color was incomplete dominance, you would have expected to see a pink calf.

If you have a white sheep, you could breed it with a black sheep and observe the offspring. If the white sheep is homozygous dominant, then you would not see any black sheep. If the white sheep is heterozygous, then you would expect to see black sheep in their offspring.

It is possible for offspring to have the same phenotype but different genotypes because different genotypes encode for the same phenotype. For example, if two offspring are homozygous dominant and heterozygous, they would share the same phenotype.

Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

No, there are many cases in which an organism's traits can be determined by external factors such as temperature or season.

1. all possible results of a genetic cross.2. the genotypes of the offspring.3. the alleles in the gametes of each parent

1. all possible results of a genetic cross2. the genotypes of the offspring3. the alleles in the gametes of each parent

an individual's characteristics that are determined by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next.

Meiosis is the division of a cell in which the diploid number is split in half producing four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes

Mendel did not observe gene linkage during his experiments because the genes that he was observing where either a) not located on the same chromosome or b) where far enough apart that crossing over still occurred

Multiple alleles involve several alleles encoding for one gene whereas polygenic traits refer to traits that have multiple genes encoding for them. Multiple alleles have only one gene, whereas polygenic traits have many.

the relative locations of genes on a chromosomes

principal of dominance, examine seven different traits of pea plants, principal of independent assortment, principal of heredity

can change every amino acid that follows the point of themutation.

Their experiment they ran used a bacteriophage; the viral genes act to produce many new bacteriophages, which gradually destroy the bacterium. When the cell splits open, hundreds of new viruses burstout.

extracted various molecules from the heat-killedbacteria and treated each mixture with enzymes thatdestroyed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and the nucleicacid and RNA.Transformation still occurred.