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Topham, Inc. has pretax income of $100,000 for the current year. Included in that amount is $3,000 of tax-exempt income, $8,000 of meals expenses, and $10,000 of depreciation expense (depreciation is $15,000 under tax rules). Topham also paid $21,000 in estimated income tax payments during the year. After adjusting for permanent items (only), Topham's taxable income is:

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