Chemistry Questions

Only ozone and lead concentrations have been close to or above the NAAQS in the last few years. (T or F)

Lead has decreased most significantly because it is no longer added to gasoline. (T or F)

The situation is less positive in other parts of the world.Large areas in Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic contain a great deal of "brown" coal or lignite that provides fuel for nearby coal-fired power plants and other industries. Emissions from combustion of this high-sulfur-content coal once caused this so-called Black Triangle to become one of the most polluted areas in the world.(T or F)

all criteria air pollutants have decreased considerably in the United States over the last two decades. (T or F)

However, in certain locations, such as North America, the anthropogenic contribution is much greater, perhaps as much as __ % for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide.

all combustion in the atmosphere leads to the formation of some nitrogen oxides (T or F)

Because coal-fired electricity generation plants remain the largest uncontrolled source of mercury, emissions standards for coal plants will likely be the focus of future regulations. (T or F)

globally:sulfur dioxide emissions are ___% naturalnitrogen oxide emissions are ___% natural and volatile organic compound emissions are ___% natural.

VOCs are not necessarily hazardous; many, such as VOCs given off by conifer trees, cause no direct harm.

If a locality violates the ozone air-quality standard and does not make an attempt to improve air quality:

Many VOCs are hydrocarbons—compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as gasoline, lighter fluid, dry-cleaning fluid, oil-based paints, and perfumes. (T or F)

In addition to human health problems such as respiratory illnesses, forest ecosystems in this region have also been damaged in the last 40 years. In many parts of Asia, air quality has been so severely impaired by particulate matter and sulfates that visibility has been reduced, in some cases by more than 20 percent. (T or F)

The effects of these various compounds, especially when major natural events occur, depend in part on...

In addition to human health problems, particulate matter and photochemical oxidants also cause economic harm, since poor visibility in popular vacation destinations can reduce tourism revenues for recreation areas, such as lower incomes for hotels and restaurants in these areas. (T or F)

Another persistent source of lead is lead-based paint in older buildings. When the paint peels off, the resulting dust or chips can be toxic to the central nervous system and can affect learning and intelligence, particularly for young children who, attracted by the sweet taste, may ingest the dust or chips. (T or F)

If the atmospheric concentration of particulate matter is high enough, as it would be immediately following a large forest fire or a volcanic eruption:

Atmospheric brown cloud is a relatively new descriptive term that has been given to the combination of:

Large nonindustrial areas such as agricultural fields can give rise to ...

Compounds that give off a strong aroma are often VOCs since the chemicals are easily released into the air. VOCs are not currently considered a criteria air pollutant, but because they can lead to the formation of photochemical oxidants, they have the potential to be harmful and are therefore of concern to air pollution scientists.

largest sources of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides: