Cell Biology Questions
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The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to nonliving systems like gasoline engines but do not apply to reactions in living cells. True False
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of A. osmosis. B. facilitated diffusion. C. diffusion. D. equilibrium. E. active transport.
Plants require energy from light to perform photosynthesis in which glucose is formed from carbon dioxide and water. This is an example of _____. A. an exergonic reaction B. kinetic energy C. an endergonic reaction D. potential energy E. equilibrium
Why does phenylalanine accumulate in patients with phenylketonuria? A. They lack an enzyme to break down phenylalanine. B. They lack an enzyme to produce phenylalanine. C. They produce too much phenylalanine. D. They lack an inhibitor of an enzyme to break down phenylalanine. E. They eat more phenylalanine than most people.
what do all living things have to obtain?
After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction, then it becomes ADP. The ADP A. can be converted in an exergonic reaction to form ATP. B. is a waste product that will be broken down. C. will be reduced to AMP amd eliminated from the cell. D. can be destroyed by an ATPase enzyme. E. can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP.
Exergonic reactions do not require activation energy to get started since they release energy. True False
The wood in a match is made of cellulose, a polymer of glucose molecules. When you light the match heat and light are given off, indicating that a(n) ________ reaction is occurring. A. endergonic B. kinetic energy C. exergonic D. potential energy E. equilibrium
Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat. True False
Active transport is different from simple diffusion because active transportA. requires ATP.B. moves molecules against a concentration gradient.C. requires the use of proteins embedded within the cell membrane.D. moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.E. All answers are correct.
Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient occurs during A. potential energy. B. oxidation. C. reduction. D. active transport. E. diffusion.
When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is A. reduced. B. in equilibrium. C. oxidized. D. polymerized. E. endergonic .
Phagocytosis is A. an example of exocytosis. B. an example of passive transport. C. an example of diffusion. D. an example of endocytosis. E. an example of facilitated diffusion.
If a person is poisoned with cyanide they cannot generate ATP and die within a few minutes. In this scenario, what would happen to sodium and potassium concentrations across a cell membrane? A. Sodium would be higher outside the cell and potassium would be higher inside the cell. B. Sodium would be higher inside the cell and potassium would be higher outside the cell. C. Sodium and potassium would reach equilibrium. D. Sodium and potassium concentrations would both be higher outside the cell. E. Sodium and potassium concentrations would both be higher inside the cell.
Diffusion occurs naturally as it ___ of a system. A. decreases the kinetic energy B. increases the potential energy C. increases the entropy D. decreases the equilibrium E. No answers are correct.
Salted and pickled foods can last unrefridgerated for many years because A. the extreme salt or pH concentration denatures the proteins, including enzymes. B. the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis into the food. C. equilibrium with the environment has occured. D. the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis out of the food. E. the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis out of the food and the extreme salt or pH concentration denatures the proteins, including enzymes.
If a cell has a greater concentration of solute than its environment A. the cell is hypertonic to the environment. B. the cell is isotonic to the environment. C. the cell is hypotonic to the environment. D. the cell will not experience a net gain or loss of water. E. the cell will crenate.
Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes A. occurs when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme. B. occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site. C. occurs by denaturation of an enzyme. D. occurs by blocking the production of an enzyme. E. occurs when two enzymes bind together.
The region of an enzyme that catalyzes reactions is called A. an active site. B. a binding pocket. C. a reaction site. D. a catalyst site. E. an analog.
If a cell contains 95% water in its cytoplasm and the environment surrounding the cell contains 90% water A. water will flow into the cell by osmosis. B. water will flow out of the cell by active transport. C. water will flow out of the cell by osmosis. D. water will flow into the cell by active transport. E. water will flow into the cell by facilitated diffusion.