Cell Biology Questions

What happens to pyruvate during the process of fermentation?

At the end of glycolysis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of:

Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following best describes the movement of protons in this situation?

Which of the following is a net product of the citric acid cycle for each molecule of pyruvate generated in glycolysis

Imagine that you notice rust has formed on the frame of your bicycle. How would this have happened?

Like glycolysis, acetyl-CoA synthesis produces both pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. These two products feed directly into the citric acid cycle and are the reactants for this process.

During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is:

Which of the following processes produces the highest number of electron carriers and thus the greatest amount of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation?

Imagine that a eukaryotic cell carries a mutation impairing its ability to phosphorylate glucose during glycolysis. What is a likely result of this mutation?

Which one of the following is a monosaccharide and not a disaccharide?

Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.

Although cellular respiration is typically thought of as an aerobic process, glycolysis itself is actually anaerobic.

The majority of ATP produced during acetyl-CoA synthesis is the result of substrate-level phosphorylation.

Although glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP for the cell is two molecules. This is due to the fact that glycolysis is—at first—endergonic.

When glucose is broken down in a cell, all of the energy it stores is released simultaneously, not in a stepwise process.

Which is the only reaction in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Starting with glycolysis, lactic acid and ethanol fermentation generate only two ATP per glucose molecule. The remaining chemical energy from the glucose is found primarily in:

When a single pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, the other products of the reaction are:

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex plays a role in which of the following processes?

Which of the following correctly lists the approximate number of ATP produced by (i) beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid, (ii) glycolysis and fermentation of a single glucose, and (iii) aerobic respiration of a single glucose, in that order?