Cell Biology Questions
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Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?Across the inner membrane of the mitochondrionThe matrix of the mitochondrionThe cytosolThe cristae of the mitochondrionThe intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?StromaStomataThylakoid membranesThylakoid lumenPlasma membrane
A chemical reaction is designated as exergonic rather than endergonic when __________.-it absorbs more energy-activation energy exceeds net energy release-activation energy is required-the potential energy of the products is less than the potential energy of the reactants-the products are less complex than the reactants
In eukaryotic cells, the components of the electron transport chain are located in or on __________.the intermembrane space of the mitochondrionthe cytosolthe inner membrane of the mitochondrionthe matrix of the mitochondrionnone of the listed locations
The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Why?-The Calvin cycle requires products only produced when the photosystems are illuminated.-Carbon dioxide concentrations decrease at night.-Plants usually open their stomata at night.-It is often too cold at night for these reactions to take place.-At night, no water is available for the Calvin cycle.
Which of the following is the process in which glucose is oxidized to generate two molecules of pyruvate and in which ATP and NADH are produced?ChemiosmosisThe citric acid cycleFermentationThe oxidation of pyruvateNone of the listed responses is correct.
Molecular oxygen is produced during __________the Calvin cyclere-energization of electrons by PSIcyclic electron flow during the light reactionsstomatal openinglinear electron flow during the light reactions
How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?Through the vascular systemThrough the stomataThrough the thylakoidsThrough the rootsThrough the chloroplasts
After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of __________.
The Calvin cycle occurs in the __________.thylakoid lumenmatrixstomatastromathylakoid membrane
In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.glucose; oxygenoxygen; ATPglucose; ATPcarbon dioxide; waterATP; oxygen
Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step __________.
In photosynthesis, what is the fate of the oxygen atoms present in CO2? They end up __________.in waterin sugar molecules and in wateras molecular oxygenin sugar moleculesas molecular oxygen and in sugar molecules
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? It forms NADPH to be used in the Calvin cycle.It absorbs light energy.It forms part of photosystem II.It is the primary electron acceptor.It helps produce ATP from the light reactions.
In a rosebush, chlorophyll is located in __________.chloroplasts, which are in thylakoids in the mesophyll cells of a leafmesophyll cells, found within the thylakoids of a leaf's chloroplastschloroplasts, which are in mesophyll cells in the thylakoids of a leafthylakoids, which are in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of a leafthylakoids, which are in mesophyll cells in the chloroplasts of a leaf
In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules.the suncarbon dioxidechlorophyllwatersoil
In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?LactateNAD+GlucoseCarbon dioxideEthanol
Which of the following statements about enzymes is/are true?-Enzymes speed up the rate of the reaction without changing the DG for the reaction.-Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by raising the activation energy for reactions.-All of the listed responses are correct.-The more heat that is added to a reaction, the faster the enzymes will function.-Enzymes react with their substrate (form chemical bonds), forming an enzyme-substrate complex, which irreversibly alters the enzyme.
There is no production of carbon dioxide in glycolysis. Which of the following is the best explanation for this fact?-The products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as in the starting material.-There is very little ATP produced in glycolysis.-The initial steps of glycolysis require an input of energy in the form of ATP (two per glucose).-There are no oxidation or reduction reactions in glycolysis to produce CO2.-Glucose contains more carbons than the number of carbons found in the pyruvate products that are produced by glycolysis.
Where do the reactions of glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?The cytosolIn the intermembrane space of the mitochondrionThe matrix of the mitochondrionAcross the inner membrane of the mitochondrionThe inner membrane of the mitochondrion