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Two species of corals, Monostrea annularis and M. franskii can produce hybrids, but usually don't because they release their gametes at different times of the day
Areas of lactase persistance in Europe coincide with domestication of cattle
The breeders equation is used to measure the effect of disruptive and stabilizing selection
Mules are a product of a cross between a horse and a donkey. Mules are unable to produce offpsring
Natural selection does not operate in human populationsa selective sweep occurs when selection is slower than recombination
Genetic drift can cause the loss of advantageous allelesGenetic drift is caused when breeders are not representative of the population as a wholeGenetic drift operates more strongly in small populationsMigration can counteract the effects of selection
Different species of Laupala swordtail crickets on the Hawaiian islands have different courtship songs. Females prefer songs on males from their own species.
Mimulus lewisii and Mimulus cardinalis have different sets of pollinators and thus do not interbreed in nature. However, they can be cross-pollinated manually. Hybrids have a range of morphologies with different sets of pollinators.
Discrete traits are ones that are controlled by a polymorphism at a single genetic locusCharles Darwin recognized patterns in species diversity found across the Galapagos Islands
Large population size is necessary for evolution by natural selection
The capacity for phenotypic plasticity can evolveQuantitative traits are ones that are controlled by many genesHardy-Weinberg Theorem is the null hypothesis for evolutionary change in allele frequency
Deleterious alleles are more likely to spread to fixation (ie all individual carry the allele) in asexual populations compared to sexual populationsThe "twofold cost of sex" is that asexual populations can grow twice as fast as sexual populationsrecombination can create new genotypes
In discrete traits, selection on rare deleterious recessive alleles always results in their lossmutations are rare and always deleterious
Fitness is a concept that in evolutionary biology is measured by reproductive success
gametes, fertilization, blastulation (cleavage), gastrulation, organogenesis, growth
mesoderm that gives rise to the heart, blood vessels, body walls, and muscle of organs.
Mesoderm that forms the peritoneum, pericardium, most smooth muscle and connective tissue of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
Mesoderm that forms the serous membranes of pleura (adjacent to lungs) and other tissues
What happens after 30 hours of fertilization?
What day do we start to see orientation? (cranial vs caudal end)

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