in certain african countries, 4% of the newborn babies have sickle cell anemia which is caused by a recessive version of the hemoglobin gene. out of a random population of 10,000 newborn babies how many would be expected to be homozygous for the normal, dominant hemoglobin genotype, assuming hardy weinberg equilibrium?a) 400b) 3200c) 6400d) 9600sugar gliders and northern flying squirrels are mammals that have many morphological similarities despite being genetically different. both are nocturnal and have large eyes to help them see in the dark. both live in trees and have flaps of skin connecting their front and back legs, and when their front and back legs are extended, the flaps allow the animals to glide from one tree branch to another. sugar gliders are native to australia, and northern flying squirrels are native to north america. a) the similarities in traits indicate the species are the result of divergent evolution from a common ancestor that had the same traits these two species sharesb) the traits evolved through sympatric speciation, which often results in species being highly similar because they evolve in the same areac) the two species evolved as a result of two separate bottleneck events that reduced the existing populations to a few individuals who happened to have the same traits d) the similarities between the species evolved independently as a result of similar selective pressures in each species' environment99% of all species that have ever existed on planet earth are now extinct. which of the following statements best explains this fact?a) climate changes associated with large comet or asteroid impacts occur faster than organisms can change themselves and adapt the new environmental conditions.b) genetic variations within a population occur through random mutations, and given enough time, the environment will change in such a way that no existing genetically-based phenotypes permit survival.c) the accumulation of random mutations in the genome of all organisms eventually leads to frameshift mutations and critical genes and are ultimately lethal.d) the rapid increase in global temperatures in the past 100 years, combined with ocean acidification, heavy metal contamination, and ozone depletion caused by human activities has caused 99.9% of all our species to go extinct.in eastern grey squirrels, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for grey fur (b). in a particular population of grey squirrels, 64% have black fur and 36% have grey fur. a researcher calculated the allelic frequencies to be B = 0.4 and b = 0.6. five years later, the researcher returned to the location and determined the allelic frequencies within the squirrel population to be B = 0.6 and b = 0.4. which of the following could best explain the increase in the frequency of the allele in the population after five years?a) the frequency of the B allele increased because it is the dominant alleleb) the frequency of the B allele increased because squirrels with grey fur exhibited greater fitnessc) the frequency of the B allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environmentd) the frequency of the b allele increased because black squirrels randomly mate with other eastern grey squirrelsCardiac malformations associated with Noonan SyndromeCardiac malformations associated with Friedrich AtaxiaCardiac malformations associated with Marfan SyndromeCardiac malformations associated with Klinefelter SyndromeInfant with deficient abdominal muscles, undescended testis, and urinary problemsUnder directional selection, the average time to coalescence isUnder balancing selection the average time to coalescence iswhy are synonymous substitutions possible? why don't all changes in DNA cause new proteins?how many N sites (denominator of dN) are there in a 4 fold degenerage codon?how many S sites?which is more common? neutral or beneficial alleles?For a neutral locus, average time to coalescence =What macromolecule is first broken down for energy?What is the chromosome number of a body cell and gamete?120 angstroms (3.6 a.a. = 1 turn; 1 turn = 5.6 angstroms; each a.a. is 1.5 angstroms, so 80 x 1.5 = 120 angstroms)Glycine and Proline (Gly is small and flexible & Proline peptide bonds of imino nitrogen in cis-formation)Cleavage ends with the formation of the ...
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