Anatomy Questions
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Automatic, controlled by swallowing centre in medulla & lower portion of pons
Basic physiological unit of a salivary gland
-21-23 pairs located on either side vertebral column-place where pre-ganglionic neurons synapse into post-ganglionic neurons -post-ganglionic neurons cell bodies located in the sympathetic chain ganglia, which is close to the CNS -The post ganglionic axons are un-myelinated
-pre-ganglionic neuron cell bodes in the crainial (brainstem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels -pre-ganglionic neuron axon is long -axon terminal and synapse in the parasympathetic ganglia (in or near the effector) -the cell body of the parasympathetic ganglia is in or near the effector organs -post-ganglionic neuron axon is short
-the stuff we are not aware of or have no control of -involuntary muscle movement, autonomic efferent -sensory information that we don't know about, autonomic afferent
-decreased heart rate-increased gastric motility -decreased pupil size -increased salivation
-increased heart rate -constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera and therefore increasing the the blood flow to muscles -reduces gastric motility -reduces salivation-increases pupil size -increases sweating
The cell body of neuron #2 is located in the CNS however it's myelinated axon extends into the PNS where it synapses in the autonomic ganglion (cell body in PNS) with neuron #3. The nucleotransmitter ACh is released into the synaptic cleft. Neuron #2 is the pre-ganglionic neuron and neuron #3 is the post ganglionic neuron.
The un-myelinated axon of neuron #3 extends in the PNS to an effector organ where it synapses with an effector organ. The nuerotransmitter ACh OR norepinephrine NE is released into the synaptic cleft between nueron #3 (post ganglionic neuron) and the effector organ.
Sympathetic nervous system-cell body of pre ganglionic (#2) is in the thoracolumbar levels of the spinal cord (CNS)-has a short axon -sympathetic ganglion is close to the CNS -cell body of post ganglionic (#3) is in the sympathetic ganglion -has a long axon -releases NE in the synaptic cleft with the effector
-prepares the body for acute/stress responses -fight or flight system
Neurotransmitter ACh is released in the synaptic cleft between the axon terminal of the upper motor neuron and the dendrites of the lower motor neuron. ACh is then released again into the synaptic cleft between the axon terminals of the lower motor neuron (in the spinal nerves) and the effectors (in the skeletal muscle fibres).
-the stuff we are aware of or have control over -voluntary muscle control, somatic efferent (motor)-sensory information we are aware of, somatic afferent (sensory)
Name of the layer around the marrow cavity
rounded prominences (bulging out bone) that forms a joint with another bone
What is the thickest layer of the three layers in veins often?
name of the joint connecting jaw (mandible) to rest of skull
larger than premolars, broad top with four cusps, with two or three roots
1. vascular spasm2. platelet plug formation3. coagulation
volume of blood (normal is 5L)vessel resistance (friction between vessel walls and blood)