Anatomy Questions
Explore questions in the Anatomy category that you can ask Spark.E!
The right lateral portion of the liver is in what abdominal region?
What type of fluid is contained in the double walled membranes that line closed body cavities? (not joints)
Which organ is located in the thoracic cavity, brain, stomach, heart, or spinal cord
The sternum is __________ to the ribs
Which body plane divides the body into top and bottom halves?
What covers the outside of the body Lines some parts of the inside of the body?
The bladder is __________ to the small intestines
In relationship to the rest of the body, the arms are considered to be in
The sweat glands are an example of what kind of gland and belong in what organ system?
-Intercostal muscles contracted and causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards(1)-Diaphragm muscles contract and the diaphragm becomes flatten(1)-The lung volume increases(1) and lead to the air pressure in lungs lower than the atmospheric pressure(1)-Air flows into the lungs from the atmosphere(1)
-Oxygen in air dissolves in the water film(1)-It can then diffuse readily through the wall of air sac into the blood capillary(1)-Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in RBC to form oxyhaemoglobin(1)
-Gas diffusion in liquid medium is slower than that in gas medium(1)/ this reduces the surface area for gas exchange-Efficiency of gas exchange decreases(1)-CO2 accumulates in blood-Chemoreceptors at the medulla/aortic body/carotid body are stimulated(1)-Nerve impulses from medulla are sent to increase breathing rate(1)
Feature:Air sac is richly supplied with blood capillaries//numerous dense capillary networkAdaptation:-Substances absorbed can be transported away-So as to maintain a steep concentration gradient across the wall of air sacs- increase gas exchange efficiencyFeature:Many air sac folded into alveoliAdaptation:Increase surface area for gas exchangeFeature:-Wall of air sac and capillaries are both one-cell thick(1)/ very thin-air sac are in close contact with capillariesAdaptation:Shorten diffusion distances of passage of gases for gas exchange
-Increase rate(1) and depth(1) of breathing-So greater amount of oxygen per unit time can be supplied to skeletal muscle(1)-for faster respiration to release more energy(1)-Also remove CO2 more rapidly(1)
Volume of the inspired air decreases(1)Less fresh air mixes with the residual air, thus concentration of CO2 in the air sacs remains relatively high(1)The concentration gradient of CO2 between the alveolar air and the blood becomes smaller(1)The rate of removal of CO2 from blood decreases(1)
It secretes pleural fluid(1)To reduce friction during breathing movement (1)
TarHazards:-Tar deposits on the air sac; decrease surface area of air sac for gas exchange -> decrease the rate of gaseous exchange -Mucus trap dust particles and bacteria -> however, tar inhibits the cilia -> mucus cna to be swept upwards into larynx and coughed out or swallow properly -> the pathogens are trapped within the mucus and multiply -> bacterial infection-CarcinogenicNicotineHazards:-Addiction-Increase the chance of blocking the blood vesselCO-CO combines with haemoglobin more readily -> reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity
Filtered:-Hair at nostril to trap dust-Mucus at nasal cavity and respiratory tract to trap dust and bacterial(1)Beating of cilia sweep the trapped dust and bacteria towards the throat(1) either cough out or swallow(to be killed by HCl in gastric juice)Moist:Mucus moisten the incoming air (1)Warmed: Heat in blood capillaries warms up the incoming air(1)
-As the rate and depth of breathing was increased(1)-Greater amounts of air was exhaled from the lungs per unit time(1)-Leading to an increased rate of water loss through exhalation
Feature:No nucleus in RBCAdaptation:-more space to pack more haemoglobin-increase oxygen carrying capacityFeature:No mitochondria in RBCAdaptation:-ensure oxygen is not consume from aerobic respiration-to ensure high level of oxygen is transported to tissue/ cells for aerobic respiration Feature: Biconcave disc shapeAdaptation:-shorten diffusion distance-increase surface area for oxygen diffusion