Anatomy Questions

which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?a. mucus productionb. pseudostratified ciliated epitheliumc. C-shaped cartilage ringsd. surface tension of water

The left lung differs from the right in that the left lung has _______.a. three lobesb. a cardiac notchc. a wider and more vertical primary bronchusd. an oblique fissure

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is______.a. equal to the pressure in the atmosphereb. less than the pressure in the atmospherec. greater than the pressure in the atmosphered. greater than the intra-alveolar pressure

Which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?a. It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles.b. It is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration.c. It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall.d. It is driven by increased blood CO2 levels.

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory membrane of the lungs?a. capillary endotheliumb. alveolar epitheliumc. basement membraned. single layer of smooth muscle cells

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type I alveolar cells. The function of type Il alveolar cells is to ______.a. trap dust and other debrisb. protect the lungs from bacterial invasionc. replace mucus in the alveolid. secrete surfactant

Which of the following is correct regarding acclimatization?b. High-altitude conditions always result in lower-than-normal hemoglobin saturation levels because less O2 is available to be loaded.c. When blood O2 levels decline, the kidneys produce more erythropoietin, which stimulates breakdown of red blood cells in the spleen.d. Decreases in arterial PCO2 cause the peripheral chemoreceptors to become less responsive to increases in PCO2

Which of the following determines lung compliance?a. flexibility of the thoracic cageb. Alveolar surface tensionc. muscles of inspirationd. airway opening

Which pressure actually keeps the lungs from collapsing?a. intrapulmonary pressureb. transpulmonary pressurec. intrapleural pressured. atmospheric pressure

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure?a. terminal bronchioleb. alveolar ductc. respiratory bronchioled. alveolar sac

Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.a. voluntary cortical controlb. stretch receptors in the alveolic. thalamic controld. temperature of alveolar air

In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is _______.a. not present except where it is combined with carrier moleculesb. about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobinc. greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobind. Only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood

Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?a. the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and transpulmonary pressuresb. the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluidc. compliance and transpulmonary pressuresd. compliance and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid

The Bohr effect describes the tendency for hemoglobin to more readily unload oxygen under which conditions?a. increased pH and PCO2b. decreased pH and increased PCO2c. increased pH and decreased PCO2d. decreased pH and PCO2

The law of partial pressure, also known as ______, states that the individual gases in the air contribute to the total atmospheric pressure as a function of the percentage each gas contributes to the total volume.

According to Boyle's law, as volume decreases, pressure ______, and as volume increases, pressure _______.

Renal retention of bicarbonate _____ blood pH, acting as a compensatory mechanism for the condition of respiratory _______

The empirical formula for bicarbonate is _____

If the Pco2 in the tissues increases, then the Pco2 in the systemic venous blood will ______

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